ASIA

Discovering the Charm of Chinese Proverbs

China, a country of breathtaking beauty, stretches from the towering peaks of the Himalayas to the bustling streets of Shanghai. Its vast landscapes, including the serene Yangtze River and the vibrant cityscapes of Beijing, set the stage for a rich cultural tapestry.

Mandarin, the official language, is just the beginning. China is also home to Shanghainese, spoken in the lively metropolis of Shanghai; Cantonese, resonating through the dynamic city of Guangzhou and Hong Kong; and Hokkien, heard in the bustling coastal regions. Each language carries its unique history and flavor.

The origins of many Chinese proverbs, or 成语 (chéngyǔ), can be traced back to the works of Confucius and Laozi, whose teachings have profoundly influenced Chinese thought and language. From offering insightful advice to sharing a laugh, these expressions reflect the vibrant spirit and enduring traditions of the Chinese people.

Chinese proverbs with English translations – Mandarin, Cantonese, Shanghainese, Hokkien

The Frog at the Bottom of the Well

A classic Chinese proverb humorously states: “井底之蛙”, which translates to “The frog at the bottom of the well.” This saying describes someone with a narrow perspective, limited by their own experiences. The story behind this proverb involves a frog living at the bottom of a well, believing that the sky is only as big as the well’s opening. It serves as a humorous reminder to broaden one’s horizons and avoid being close-minded.

Chinese proverbs with English translations – Mandarin

Exploring the Essence of Chinese Proverbs

Mandarin

• 百闻不如一见 – Mandarin
  • Translation: “Hearing something a hundred times isn’t as good as seeing it once.”
  • Meaning: This proverb emphasizes the importance of personal experience over second-hand information. It suggests that direct observation provides a more accurate understanding than mere hearsay. For example, reading about a place is never as enriching as visiting it in person.

• “塞翁失马” – Mandarin
  • Translation: “The old man lost his horse.”
  • Meaning:This saying teaches that misfortune can be a blessing in disguise. It encourages a positive outlook, suggesting that what seems like a setback might lead to something good.

• “画蛇添足” – Mandarin
  • Translation: “Drawing legs on a snake.”
  • Meaning: Ruining something by overdoing it.

• 知己知彼，百战不殆 – Mandarin
  • Translation: Know yourself and know your enemy, and you will never be defeated.
  • Meaning: This Mandarin proverb emphasizes the importance of understanding oneself and one’s adversaries in order to achieve success.

• 机会只留给有准备的人 – Mandarin
  • Translation: Opportunity only favors the prepared mind.
  • Meaning: Preparation is the key to seizing opportunities. This Mandarin proverb encourages diligence and readiness, suggesting that success is not merely a stroke of luck but the result of thorough preparation.

• 滴水穿石 – Mandarin
  • Translation: Dripping water can penetrate the stone.
  • Meaning: This Mandarin proverb illustrates the power of persistence and consistency in achieving remarkable results over time. It emphasizes that even the smallest efforts, when sustained, can overcome seemingly insurmountable obstacles.

• “朝三暮四” – Mandarin
  • Translation: “Three in the morning, four in the evening.”
  • Meaning: Being inconsistent or changing one’s mind frequently.

• 千里之行，始于足下 – Mandarin
  • Translation: A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.
  • Meaning: This Mandarin proverb conveys the idea that every great endeavor starts with a small, initial action. It encourages individuals to take the first step towards their goals, no matter how daunting they may seem.

• “纸上谈兵” – Mandarin
  • Translation: “Discussing strategy on paper.”
  • Meaning: This proverb highlights the ineffectiveness of theoretical discussions or plans without practical implementation.

Chinese proverbs with English translations – Cantonese

Cantonese

• 落雨就收晒衣 – Cantonese
  • Translation: When it rains, collect the laundry.
  • Meaning: This Cantonese proverb emphasizes the importance of seizing opportunities and being proactive. It suggests that one should take advantage of favorable circumstances when they arise, rather than waiting for the perfect moment.

• 虎落平阳被犬欺 – Cantonese
  • Translation: When a tiger falls into the lowlands, it is bullied by dogs.
  • Meaning: This Cantonese proverb serves as a cautionary tale about the vulnerability that comes with a loss of power or prestige. It warns against complacency and the dangers of underestimating one’s opponents.

Chinese proverbs with English translations – Shanghainese

Shanghainese

• “米已成炊” – Shanghainese
  • Translation: “The rice has turned into porridge.”
  • Meaning: It’s too late to change or reverse a situation.

• “吃一堑长一智” – Shanghainese
  • Translation: “Fall into a pit, gain wisdom.”
  • Meaning: Learning from mistakes and experiences.

• “饮水思源” – Shanghainese
  • Translation: “Drinking water, remember its source.”
  • Meaning: Remembering and appreciating those who have helped you.

Chinese proverbs with English translations – Hokkien

Hokkien

• “船頭蟹” – Hokkien
  • Translation: “Crab at the bow of the boat.”
  • Meaning: Someone who is incompetent but in a position of authority or leadership.

• “人算不如天算” – Hokkien
  • Translation: “Man’s plans are inferior to those made by heaven.”
  • Meaning: Fate or destiny will ultimately prevail over human intentions or calculations.

• “日出有陽，雨來有雨” – Hokkien
  • Translation: “When the sun rises, there’s sunshine; when it rains, there’s rain.”
  • Meaning: Things will happen naturally according to their own timing and conditions.

• “韭菜不經冬，豆腐不經鹼” – Hokkien
  • Translation: “Chives don’t experience winter; tofu doesn’t go through lye.”
  • Meaning: People who haven’t experienced hardship or difficulty may lack resilience or strength.

• “無風不起浪” – Hokkien
  • Translation: “Without wind, there is no wave.”
  • Meaning: There’s usually a reason behind rumors or speculation; where there’s smoke, there’s fire.

Understanding the Role of Proverbs in Chinese Society

As we conclude our exploration of Chinese proverbs, it is essential to remember the cultural significance they hold. These expressions, rich in history and tradition, offer glimpses into the values, philosophies, and everyday life. They reflect China’s emphasis on harmony, perseverance, and respect for wisdom.

From Confucian teachings to folk wisdom passed down through generations, these sayings are a testament to China’s enduring cultural legacy. Whether you are a traveler, a student, or simply a curious soul, let these proverbs inspire and guide you in your journey. Embrace the timeless lessons they impart, and carry a piece of China’s spirit.